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Turkish Vowels:
Old Turkish Vowels:
Foreign words only: Turkish Consonants: | |||||
| Front Vowels: | Back Vowels: | Voiced Consonants: | |||
| Flat Vowels: | Round Vowels: | Voiceless Consonants: | |||
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Turkish Vowel Pronunciation (in American English) | Vowel Diphthongs |
American (not in Turkish) |
| a - bot, bah | ay - bite, byte | |
| e - bet | ey - bait, bate | |
| ı - bottle, butter | ıy - ? | |
| i - between i/ee in bit/beet | iy - beet, beat | |
| o - boat, beau | oy - boy, Boyd | |
| ö - Burt, better, bird, burn | öy - ? | |
| u - boot, boo | uy - buoy | |
| ü - Ger. über, Fr. tü | üy - ? | ă - bat |
| â - ya - slight y sound after g/k/l | ŭ - but | |
| î - yı - "" | ou - bout | |
| û - yu - "" beaut, butte | ô - bought |
| Turkish Vowels: | ||||||||||||
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Back: |
ı | - | - | - | - | - | - | u | ||||
| / | | | / | | High: | Front: Front/middle of tongue raised | ||||||||
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Front: |
i | - | - | - | - | - | - | ü | | | Back: Back of tongue raised | ||
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| | | | | | | | | Round: Lips rounded & protruded | |||||||
| | | a | - | - | - | - | | | - | o | Flat: Lips spread & against teeth | |||
| | | / | | | / | Low: | High: Tongue position high | |||||||
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| e | - | - | - | - | - | - | ö | Low: Tongue position low | |||
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Flat: |
Round: |
pretend that e=ä for symmetry | ||||||||||
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Turkish Consonant
Pronunciation (in American English) |
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| Normal English/Turkish | Turkish Specific | Foreign Words |
| b - boo | c - as "j" in Jew | q - queue |
| d - do, due, dew | ç- as "ch" in chew, choo-choo | w - woo, whew |
| f - few, phoo | g - as hard "g" in goo | x - x |
| h - who, hue, hew, Hugh | ğ - very soft, quiet, thick g/y - lengthens preceding vowel | |
| k - coo, coup, cue | j - as "s" in casual | |
| l - lieu, loo, Lou | ş - as "sh" in shoe, shoo | |
| m - moo, mew | v - between v/w in view/woo | |
| n - new, knew, gnu, nu | ||
| p - Pooh, pew, phew, Pugh | ||
| r - rue, roo, Roo | ||
| s - sue, Sioux, Sue | ||
| t - two, too, to | ||
| y - you, yew | ||
| z - zoo | ||
| Turkish Consonants: |
(Voiced-Unvoiced) Partners (from front to back of mouth) |
Voiced: Vocal cords together, vibrating Unvoiced: Vocal cords apart, not vibrating |
| Oral: | (b-p),(v-f),(d-t),(z-s),(c-ç),(j-ş),(g-k) | Oral: Constricted airsteam passes through mouth only |
| Nasal: | (m,n-?) | Nasal: Constricted airstream passes through nose |
| Liquid: | (l,r-?) | Liquid: Very little constriction of airstream |
| Glide: | (ğ,y-h) | Glide: Semivowel produced with gliding tongue motion |
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