Machu Picchu sits on a saddle 2,430 m up, between Machu Picchu Mountain to the south and Huayna Picchu to the north, with the Urubamba looping round it some 430 m below. Everything here is in metres at true scale. The sun is computed for the site's real latitude and longitude with refraction, and the horizon is measured from the modelled mountains themselves, so sunrise and sunset happen when the sun actually clears the ridges.
Huayna Picchu summit, Intipunku (Sun Gate), Putucusi, the Guardhouse, Puente Ruinas, Aguas Calientes and the site centre were checked against map coordinates. The site's long axis runs at 347°, towards Huayna Picchu.
The upper (Hanan) sector, Sacred Plaza, Royal sector, Main Plaza, eastern (Hurin) sector, Sacred Rock and the agricultural terraces climbing to the Guardhouse are laid out in their true relative positions as terraced platforms with fieldstone retaining walls. Named structures are modelled individually: the Torreón (Temple of the Sun) with its curved ashlar wall on the rock over the Royal Tomb, the Temple of the Three Windows, the Principal Temple, the Intihuatana on its terraced hill, the Sacred Rock, the Temple of the Condor, Intimachay, the Main Gate, the fountains, the Guardhouse and Intipunku. Houses are grouped in kanchas, with gabled end walls and trapezoidal doorways and windows.
The Torreón's east window is set on the June solstice sunrise as it first clears the modelled ridge in c. 1450, and Intimachay's window on the December solstice sunrise, the two alignments documented by Dearborn and White. The Zenith passage button finds the day when the sun passes overhead at noon (latitude 13.16° S), when the Intihuatana casts almost no shadow.
Pristine shows the royal estate of Pachacuti in use, c. 1450 to 1530: every building thatched with ichu grass, the terraces under crops, and fresh pale granite. Current day shows the roofless ruins with lichen and partly fallen walls, mown grass terraces, the reconstructed thatch on the Guardhouse and storehouses, grazing llamas, the Sanctuary Lodge and bus stop, and the switchbacks of the Hiram Bingham road from Puente Ruinas.
The individual houses inside each sector are representative, not a building-by-building survey. The Urubamba's course, the shape of the surrounding mountains, Machu Picchu Mountain's summit position and the distant peaks Salkantay and Veronica are approximate, so the modelled horizon (13 to 25° in most directions) and the solstice azimuths derived from it carry a few degrees of uncertainty.